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Virus Details


VHFID5119

Host Factor Information

Pathogen Information

Publication Information

Host Factor Information

Gene Name ADAR
HF Protein Name Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase
HF Function Increases host susceptibility to viral infection
Uniprot ID P55265
Protein Sequence View Fasta Sequence
NCBI Gene ID 103
Host Factor (HF) Name in Paper ADAR1
Gene synonyms ADAR1 DSRAD G1P1 IFI4
Ensemble Gene ID ENSG00000160710
Ensemble Transcript ENST00000368471 [P55265-5];ENST00000368474 [P55265-1]
KEGG ID Go to KEGG Database
Gene Ontology ID(s) GO:0001649, GO:0001701, GO:0002244, GO:0002566, GO:0003677, GO:0003723, GO:0003726, GO:0005634, GO:0005654, GO:0005730, GO:0005737, GO:0006382, GO:0006397, GO:0006606, GO:0006611, GO:0009615, GO:0016020, GO:0016553, GO:0030218, GO:0031054, GO:0035280, GO:0035455, GO:0043066, GO:0044387, GO:0044530, GO:0045070, GO:0045071, GO:0045087, GO:0046872, GO:0051607, GO:0060216, GO:0060337, GO:0060339, GO:0061484, GO:0098586, GO:1900369,
MINT ID P55265
STRING Click to see interaction map
GWAS Analysis Click to see gwas analysis
OMIM ID 127400
PANTHER ID N.A.
PDB ID(s) 1QBJ, 1QGP, 1XMK, 2ACJ, 2GXB, 2L54, 2MDR, 3F21, 3F22, 3F23, 3IRQ, 3IRR,
pfam ID PF02137, PF00035, PF02295,
Drug Bank ID N.A.,
ChEMBL ID N.A.
Organism Homo sapiens (Human)

Pathogen Information

Virus Name Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus
Virus Short Name VSV
Order Mononegavirales
Virus Family Rhabdoviridae
Virus Subfamily N.A.
Genus Vesiculovirus
Species Indiana vesiculovirus
Host Human, cattle, horse, swine, sandflies, blackflies
Cell Tropism N.A.
Associated Disease Vesicular diseases, encephalitis
Mode of Transmission Mostely by sandflies
VIPR DB link https://www.viprbrc.org/brc/vipr_allSpecies_search.spg?method=SubmitForm&decorator=rhabdo
ICTV DB link https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/negative-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/negrna_viruses/201/rhabdoviridae
Virus Host DB link N.A.

Publication Information

Paper Title Double-stranded RNA deaminase ADAR1 increases host susceptibility to virus infection
Author's Name Yongzhan Nie, Graeme L. Hammond, and Jing-Hua Yang
Journal Name Journal Of Virology
Pubmed ID 17079286
Abstract The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein that modifies cellular and viral RNA sequences by adenosine deamination. ADAR1 has been demonstrated to play important roles in embryonic erythropoiesis, viral response, and RNA interference. In human hepatitis virus infection, ADAR1 has been shown to target viral RNA and to suppress viral replication through dsRNA editing. It is not clear whether this antiviral effect of ADAR1 is a common mechanism in response to viral infection. Here, we report a proviral effect of ADAR1 that enhances replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) through a mechanism independent of dsRNA editing. We demonstrate that ADAR1 interacts with dsRNA-activated protein kinase PKR, inhibits its kinase activity, and suppresses the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2alpha) phosphorylation. Consistent with the inhibitory effect on PKR activation, ADAR1 increases VSV infection in PKR+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts however, no significant effect was found in PKR-/- cells. This proviral effect of ADAR1 requires the N-terminal domains but does not require the deaminase domain. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of ADAR1 that increases host susceptibility to viral infection by inhibiting PKR activation.
Used Model HEK 293T, NIH 3T3, SGC7901 and N18 cells
DOI 10.1128/JVI.01527-06