| Gene Name | NECTIN4 |
| HF Protein Name | Nectin-4 |
| HF Function | Essential for virus entry |
| Uniprot ID | Q96NY8 |
| Protein Sequence | View Fasta Sequence |
| NCBI Gene ID | 81607 |
| Host Factor (HF) Name in Paper | PVRL4 |
| Gene synonyms | LNIR PRR4 PVRL4 |
| Ensemble Gene ID | ENSG00000143217 |
| Ensemble Transcript | ENST00000368012 [Q96NY8-1] |
| KEGG ID | Go to KEGG Database |
| Gene Ontology ID(s) | GO:0001618, GO:0004872, GO:0005102, GO:0005886, GO:0005887, GO:0005913, GO:0007156, GO:0007157, GO:0008037, GO:0034332, GO:0042802, GO:0042803, GO:0050839, GO:0070062, |
| MINT ID | Q96NY8 |
| STRING | Click to see interaction map |
| GWAS Analysis | Click to see gwas analysis |
| OMIM ID | 609607 |
| PANTHER ID | PTHR23277:SF11 |
| PDB ID(s) | 4FRW, 4GJT, 4JJH, |
| pfam ID | PF08205, PF07686, |
| Drug Bank ID | N.A., |
| ChEMBL ID | N.A. |
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) |
| Virus Name | phocine distemper virus |
| Virus Short Name | PDV |
| Order | Mononegavirales |
| Virus Family | Paramyxoviridae |
| Virus Subfamily | N.A. |
| Genus | Morbillivirus |
| Species | Phocine morbillivirus |
| Host | Seals |
| Cell Tropism | N.A. |
| Associated Disease | N.A. |
| Mode of Transmission | N.A. |
| VIPR DB link | http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/vipr_allSpecies_search.do?method=SubmitForm&decorator=paramyxo |
| ICTV DB link | https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/negative-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/negrna_viruses/199/paramyxoviridae |
| Virus Host DB link | http://www.genome.jp/virushostdb/view/?virus_lineage=Paramyxoviridae |
| Paper Title | Use of SLAM and PVRL4 and identification of pro-HB-EGF as cell entry receptors for wild type phocine distemper virus |
| Author's Name | Mary M. Melia, John Philip Earle, Haniah Abdullah, Katherine Reaney, Frederic Tangy, Sara Louise Cosby |
| Journal Name | PLOS One |
| Pubmed ID | 25171206 |
| Abstract | Signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) has been identified as an immune cell receptor for the morbilliviruses, measles (MV), canine distemper (CDV), rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) viruses, while CD46 is a receptor for vaccine strains of MV. More recently poliovirus like receptor 4 (PVRL4), also known as nectin 4, has been identified as a receptor for MV, CDV and PPRV on the basolateral surface of polarised epithelial cells. PVRL4 is also up-regulated by MV in human brain endothelial cells. Utilisation of PVRL4 as a receptor by phocine distemper virus (PDV) remains to be demonstrated as well as confirmation of use of SLAM. We have observed that unlike wild type (wt) MV or wtCDV, wtPDV strains replicate in African green monkey kidney Vero cells without prior adaptation, suggesting the use of a further receptor. We therefore examined candidate molecules, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and the tetraspan proteins, integrin beta and the membrane bound form of heparin binding epithelial growth factor (proHB-EGF),for receptor usage by wtPDV in Vero cells. We show that wtPDV replicates in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing SLAM and PVRL4. Similar wtPDV titres are produced in Vero and VeroSLAM cells but more limited fusion occurs in the latter. Infection of Vero cells was not inhibited by anti-CD46 antibody. Removal/disruption of GAG decreased fusion but not the titre of virus. Treatment with anti-integrin beta antibody increased rather than decreased infection of Vero cells by wtPDV. However, infection was inhibited by antibody to HB-EGF and the virus replicated in CHO-proHB-EGF cells, indicating use of this molecule as a receptor. Common use of SLAM and PVRL4 by morbilliviruses increases the possibility of cross-species infection. Lack of a requirement for wtPDV adaptation to Vero cells raises the possibility of usage of proHB-EGF as a receptor in vivo but requires further investigation. |
| Used Model | Vero and CHO cells |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0106281 |
