| Gene Name | RSAD2 |
| HF Protein Name | Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2 |
| HF Function | Restricts TBEV replication |
| Uniprot ID | Q8WXG1 |
| Protein Sequence | View Fasta Sequence |
| NCBI Gene ID | 91543 |
| Host Factor (HF) Name in Paper | RSAD2 |
| Gene synonyms | CIG5 |
| Ensemble Gene ID | ENSG00000134321 |
| Ensemble Transcript | ENST00000382040 |
| KEGG ID | Go to KEGG Database |
| Gene Ontology ID(s) | GO:0001650, GO:0003824, GO:0005739, GO:0005741, GO:0005743, GO:0005783, GO:0005789, GO:0005794, GO:0005811, GO:0009615, GO:0016032, GO:0034157, GO:0034165, GO:0035710, GO:0043367, GO:0043621, GO:0045071, GO:0046872, GO:0050709, GO:0051539, GO:0051607, GO:0060337, GO:2000553, |
| MINT ID | N.A. |
| STRING | Click to see interaction map |
| GWAS Analysis | Click to see gwas analysis |
| OMIM ID | 607810 |
| PANTHER ID | N.A. |
| PDB ID(s) | N.A., |
| pfam ID | PF04055, |
| Drug Bank ID | N.A., |
| ChEMBL ID | N.A. |
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) |
| Virus Name | Tick-borne encephalitis virus |
| Virus Short Name | TBEV |
| Order | Unassigned |
| Virus Family | Flaviviridae |
| Virus Subfamily | N.A. |
| Genus | Flavivirus |
| Species | Tick-borne encephalitis virus |
| Host | Human, mammals, mosquitoes and ticks |
| Cell Tropism | N.A. |
| Associated Disease | Meningitis and encephalitis |
| Mode of Transmission | Tick bite,from an infected mother to fetus |
| VIPR DB link | http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.spg?decorator=flavi |
| ICTV DB link | https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/positive-sense-rna-viruses/w/flaviviridae |
| Virus Host DB link | http://www.genome.jp/virushostdb/view/?virus_lineage=Flaviviridae |
| Paper Title | Viperin Restricts Zika Virus and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Replication by Targeting NS3 for Proteasomal Degradation |
| Author's Name | Christakis Panayiotoua, Richard Lindqvista, Chaitanya Kurhadea, Kirstin Vondersteina, Jenny Pastoa, Karin Edlunda, Arunkumar S. Upadhyaya and Anna K. verbya |
| Journal Name | Journal Of Virology |
| Pubmed ID | 29321318 |
| Abstract | Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that constitute a major global health problem, with millions of human infections annually. Their pathogenesis ranges from mild illness to severe manifestations such as hemorrhagic fever and fatal encephalitis. Type I interferons (IFNs) are induced in response to viral infection and stimulate the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including that encoding viperin (virus-inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum associated, IFN inducible), which shows antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses, including several flaviviruses. Here we describe a novel antiviral mechanism employed by viperin against two prominent flaviviruses, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Viperin was found to interact and colocalize with the structural proteins premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) of TBEV, as well as with nonstructural (NS) proteins NS2A, NS2B, and NS3. Interestingly, viperin expression reduced the NS3 protein level, and the stability of the other interacting viral proteins, but only in the presence of NS3. We also found that although viperin interacted with NS3 of mosquito-borne flaviviruses (ZIKV, Japanese encephalitis virus, and yellow fever virus), only ZIKV was sensitive to the antiviral effect of viperin. This sensitivity correlated with viperins ability to induce proteasome-dependent degradation of NS3. ZIKV and TBEV replication was rescued completely when NS3 was overexpressed, suggesting that the viral NS3 is the specific target of viperin. In summary, we present here a novel antiviral mechanism of viperin that is selective for specific viruses in the genus Flavivirus, affording the possible availability of new drug targets that can be used for therapeutic intervention.IMPORTANCE Flaviviruses are a group of enveloped RNA viruses that cause severe diseases in humans and animals worldwide, but no antiviral treatment is yet available. Viperin, a host protein produced in response to infection, effectively restricts the replication of several flaviviruses, but the exact molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here we have identified a novel mechanism employed by viperin to inhibit the replication of two flaviviruses: tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Viperin induced selective degradation via the proteasome of TBEV and ZIKV nonstructural 3 (NS3) protein, which is involved in several steps of the viral life cycle. Furthermore, viperin also reduced the stability of several other viral proteins in a NS3-dependent manner, suggesting a central role of NS3 in viperins antiflavivirus activity. Taking the results together, our work shows important similarities and differences among the members of the genus Flavivirus and could lead to the possibility of therapeutic intervention. |
| Used Model | HEK293T and HeLa cells |
| DOI | 10.1128/JVI.02054-17 |
